C

Caliper - Tongs that help create and control the molten glass piece.

Cable - A pattern resembling the twisted strands of a rope.

Cane - A thin, monochrome rod, or a composite rod consisting of groups of rods of different colors, which are bundled together and fused to form a polychrome design that is visible when seen in cross section.

Caning - The removal of glass from the surface of an object by means of handheld tools.

Carving - Removing excess molten glass off of the working piece.

Casing - The application of an additional layer of glass over an existing layer of contrasting color. The gaffer either gathers one layer over another gather, or inflates a gob of hot glass inside a preformed blank of another color. The two components adhere and are inflated together (perhaps with frequent reheating) until they have the desired formed.

Cast Glass - Glass produced by "casting', in other words by pouring molten glass into a mold or by heating glass already contained in the mold until the glass melts and assumes the shape of the mold.

Casting - The process of pouring molten glass into a form designed to receive that glass. After the glass has cooled, that mold or the removing of the sand will then reflect the filled image.

Cerium Oxide - The oxide of the rare earth, cerium, used alone or together with other substances as a polishing agent for glass.

Chill-mark - Any time and instrument is used on hot glass there's a potential for it to leave a cooled surface that refracts light differently.

Chord - These are lines of clear glass that have a slightly different expansion coefficient enhance refract light at different rates.

Chunked - A glass piece that has been badly damaged.

Cobalt - A silvery-white magnetic metallic element, which, even in small quantities, gives a strong blue coloration to glass. It can be used as a decolorizor on its own for opal glasses. For flint, it may be used with selenium, manganese, nickel or cerium.

Cold Working - The collective term for the many techniques such as grinding, surfacing, and drilling that is used to alter or decorate glass when it is cold. Working without heat. Used to create texture or pattern into the surface.

Copper-Wheel Engraver - A technique of decorating the surface of an object. Copper disks (wheels) of various sizes and rim profiles are rotated on a spindle. An abrasive such as Carborundum, mixed with oil, is applied to the edge of the wheel. The wheel presses the abrasive against the glass so that it removes the surface by grinding.

Cords - Flaws in the material, which affects the artist's ability to work with the glass.

Collar - A ring that is used to hold the cane glass into place on a working piece.

Color - 99% of the color used comes from Germany or Bulgaria. The transparent colors are nearly all black until blown out in a piece and come shaped like a small rolling pin. The opaque colors are most often the same color as they started before melting.

Contemporary Glass – Artist designed glass exclusively for their own creative use.

Cord - Visible deficiencies in the glass quality product itself from streaking to slight color haziness.

Core Forming - The technique of forming a vessel by trailing or gathering molten glass around a core supported by a rod. After forming, the object is removed from the rod and annealed. After annealing, the core is removed by scraping.

Core - The form to which molten glass is applied in order to make a core formed vessel.

Cracking Off - The process of detaching a glass object from a blowpipe or punty.

Crackle Glass - To produce the crackle effect, the parison is rolled in moist sawdust or covered with sand in order to give the surface a coarse finished. It is then submerged in water, causing the surface to crack, without destroying the glass. A fresh layer of glass is then added and reheated until the cracks fuse together slightly so that the glass maintains its stability.

Crown Glass - Window glass blown into a crown or hollow globe that is flattened and cut before use. This is produced by reheating and spinning out a bow-shaped piece of glass (bullion) that causes the glass to extend into a flat disk by centrifugal force. The glass is then cut into the size required.

Cullet - Mixing slag, scrap or other extra glass materials into a pit to assist in the melting process. This also reduces the quality of the glass product itself.

Cutting - Grinding any pattern into the glass by using a consistent speed-rotating wheel coated with either cloth, diamond dust or an abrasive.

Cut-to-Clear - Showing the under layers of the glass by cutting however many layers needed to complete the desired effect in the glass.
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